Battle, Leonard. Manager, Grand Street Business Improvement District. March 31, 1998. Personal interview.

Barnes, Fleda. Vice President of Community Affairs, First Union Bank. April 15, 1998. Phone interview.

Beyer, Mark. Owner, Beyer’s Men’s Shop, Trenton, New Jersey. April 7, 1998. Personal interview.

Borrowick, Matthew. CRA Officer, First Union Bank. March 19, 1998. Phone interview.

Branch, George. Councilman, Newark Central Ward. April 1998. Phone interview.

Buehler, Jef R. Assistant Coordinator, Main Street New Jersey, Department of Community Affairs. April 8, 1998. Phone interview.

Cooper, Michael. 1995. Is BID plan one too many? New York Times. Section CY, page 8. Sept 3.

Deutsch, Claudia H. 1994a. An ‘engine for economic improvement’ downtown. New York Times. Section 10, page 11. May 29.

________. 1993. The hub of change is Union Square. New York Times. Section 10, page 11. Dec 19.

________. 1994b. A politically savvy leader jumps in swinging. New York Times. Section 9, page 9. Nov 20.

________. 1995. Tug-of-war over a business improvement district. New York Times. Section 9, page 9. Jan 8.

Duff, Marilyn. 1993. Program revitalizes Keyport. Bayshore Independent. April 30.

Dwyer, James. Owner, Dwyer’s Office Supply, Trenton, New Jersey. April 7, 1998. Phone interview.

Editorial. 1990. Downtown dynamics. Houston Post. Section D, page 2. July 29.

Editorial. 1991. Public needs, answered privately. New York Times. Section A, page 26. July 26.

Editorial. 1997. Spiffing up Washington Street. Editorial. Boston Globe. Section A, page 14. Nov 3.

Elizabeth Avenue SID Steering Committee. April 8, 1998. Personal interview.

Ellis, Fay. 1996. Peekskill creates district to boost downtown. New York Times. Section WC, page 1. Oct 6.

Feldmann, Linda. 1997a. Baltimore’s BID for safe streets leads the way. Christian Science Monitor. Page 18. Aug 21.

________. 1997b. Cities seek Disney-style cleanliness and safety, private cleaning crews to debut in capital. Christian Science Monitor. Page 1. Aug 21.

Ferdinand, Spencer. Director, Economic Division, Newark Economic Development Program. Phone interview. April 1998.

Garbarine, Rachelle. 1992. Perking up the Lower East Side. New York Times. Section D, page 28. Sept 23.

________. 1994. Trying to bring back Journal Square’s old pizazz. New York Times. Section 10, page 11. June 12.

Gluck, Gabriel H. 1990. No interest loans help Plainfield stores look sharp. The Star Ledger. October 28.

Halbfinger, David M. 1997a. For now: 215 blocks without graffiti. New York Times. Section 1, page 33. Oct 26.

________. 1997b. Shuttle service to begin in West 30’s. New York Times. Section B, page 5. July 22.

Harding, James. District Engineer, Bureau of Local Aid, New Jersey Department of Transportation. April 9, 1998. Phone interview.

Holusha, John. 1997. Making a BID to improve a Bronx neighborhood. New York Times. Section 9, page 7. Dec 8.

Houstoun, Lawrence O. 1997. Business Improvement Districts. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.

James, George. 1997. Imagining the future of downtown. New York Times. Section B, page 5. June 6.

Johnson, Kirk. 1997. Washington steps back, and cities recover. New York Times. Section 4, page 5. Nov 16.

Johnston, Thomas. Owner, Johnston Jewelers, Trenton, New Jersey. April 7, 1998. Personal interview.

Jordan, G. and Gannon, B. 1998. City sells itself short on vision for future. Star Ledger. January 4.

Kent, Bill. 1995. Just call SID. New York Times. Section NJ, page 20. June 11.

Kindleberger, Richard. 1997. Firms eye special BID pact, seek fees to ensure safer, cleaner

Washington St. Boston Globe. Section E, page 1. Oct 22.

Kressel, Shirley. 1996. Business improvement districts put Boston up for bid. Boston Globe. Section A, page 31. Dec 20.

Lambert, Bruce. 1995. And now, for 86^th: maybe not a BID, after all. New York Times. Section CY, page 8. May 7.

Lii, Jane H. 1996. Security and sanitation are priorities in a new business district. New York Times. Section CY, page 10. Feb 11.

Lipsyte, Robert. 1995. On the civic side of the profit motive. New York Times. Section CY, page 1. July 30.

Local Aid Quality Improvement Team, New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1997. Transportation Trust Fund Authority Act State Aid Handbook. October.

MacDonald, Heather. 1996. Citizens unite. USA Today. Section A, page 15. July 30.

Martin, Douglas. 1993. Selling history on the lower East Side. New York Times. Section CY, page 4. Dec 19.

Main Street New Jersey. 1997. Main Street New Jersey – What We Do. Trenton, New Jersey.

McKinley, James C. Jr. 1991. Business-tax zone for Times Square area is signed into law. New York Times. Section B, page 4. July 24.

Molnar, Lawrence, et. al. 1997. Business Incubation Works. University of Michigan Business School.

Molski, Ray. Director, Historic Elizabeth Special Improvement District. Phone interview. April 1998.

National Trust for Historic Preservation. Facts About the National Trust’s National Main Street Center. Washington, DC.

New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1997. 1997 ISTEA Application. Trenton, New Jersey.

New York City Department of Business Services. 1997. Starting and Managing Business Improvement Districts. New York City, NY. July.

Newark Economic Development Corporation. 1997. Newark 1997 Overall Development Plan.

________. 1997. Newark at a Glance. O’Neill, Marion. Manager, PSE & G Urban Initiatives. March 15, 1998. Phone interview.

Oser, Alan S. 1993. Spreading the gospel of improvement districts. New York Times. Section 10, page 8. Oct 31.

PSE & G. 1997. PSE & G Urban Initiative. Newark, New Jersey.

Peterson, Beth. Director, Downtown New Jersey. Phone interview. February 18, 1998.

Puente, Maria. 1997. Public-private teaming is revitalizing downtowns. USA Today. Section A, page 3. Nov 18.

Redburn, Tom. 1994. Trying to turn downtown around. New York Times. Section CY, page 4. July 24.

Romano, Jay. 1989. Companies ‘stand up’ to help city’s revitalization efforts. The New York Times. April 30.

Schmitt, Eric. 1989. Main St. ponders an innovation from Fifth Ave. New York Times. Section B, page 1. Sept 12.

Schure, David. Manager, Trenton Downtown Association. April 7, 1998. Personal interview.

Scrider, Terry. Director, Neighborhood Preservation Program, Department of Community Affairs. April 16, 1998. Phone interview

Scruggs, Kathy. 1995. Times Square on the mend. Atlanta Journal Constitution. Section F, page 3. Oct 8.

Sherman, T. 1997. Newark the next chapter. Star Ledger. July 13.

Smartt, Donald. Consultant, Community Advocates. April 8 and 20, 1998. Personal interview.

Thomas, Peggy. City Administrator, City of Fort Lee. April 16, 1998. Phone interview.

Torres, Vicki. 1996. A BID for improvement. Los Angeles Times. Section D, page 1. Feb 6.

________. 1995. Broadway drama. Los Angeles Times. Section D, page 1. July 24.

Wall, Stephanie. Office of Neighborhood Empowerment. Phone interview. April 1998.

Weber, Bruce. 1992. Dinkins authorizes bond issue to improve Grand Central area. New York Times. Section B, page 8. April 2.

Wheeler, Linda. 1997. Corps of helpful redcoats is welcome in downtown. Washington Post. Section B, page 3. Nov 29.

Williams, Monte. 1995. Beyond awnings: fight for the soul of Eighth Street. New York Times. Section CY, page 6. May 21.

Wilson, John. 1992. A BID: the district isn’t sleeping. Washington Post. Section A, page 18. Dec 19.

Yenckel, James T. 1997. New York by night: the new Times Square: the city hasn’t dropped the ball. Washington Post. Section E, page 1. April 13.